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      尼高力紅外光譜儀的日常維護與保養

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      紅外光譜儀是利用物質對不同波長的紅外輻射的吸收特性,進行分子結構和化學組成分析的儀器。主要應用于染織工業、環境科學、生物學、材料科學、高分子化學、催化、煤結構研究、石油工業、生物醫學、生物化學、藥學、無機和配位化學基礎研究、半導體材料、日用化工等研究領域。尼高力紅外光譜儀(如圖)是實驗室最常用的的紅外光譜儀之一,因此掌握它的日常維護和保養極其重要。


      1、  測定時實驗室的溫度應在15~30℃,相對濕度應在65%以下,所用電源應配備有穩壓裝置和接地線。因要嚴格控制室內的相對濕度,因此紅外實驗室的面積不要太大,能放得下必須的儀器設備即可,但室內一定要有除濕裝置。

      2、  爲防止儀器受潮而影響使用壽命,紅外實驗室應經常保持幹燥,即使儀器不用,也應每周開機至少兩次,每次半天,同時開除濕機除濕。特別是黴雨季節,最好是能每天開除濕機。

      3、  如所用的是單光朿型傅裏葉紅外分光光度計(目前應用最多),實驗室裏的CO2含量不能太高,因此實驗室裏的人數應盡量少,無關人員最好不要進入,還要注意適當通風換氣。

      4、  红外光谱测定最常用的试样制备方法是溴化钾(KBr)压片法(药典收载品种90%以上用此法),因此为减少对测定的影响,所用KBr最好应为光学 试剂级,至少也要分析纯级。使用前应适当研细(200目以下),并在120℃以上烘4小时以上后置干燥器中备用。如发现结块,则应重新干燥。制备好的空 KBr片应透明,与空气相比,透光率应在75%以上。

      5、  如供試品爲鹽酸鹽,因考慮到在壓片過程中可能出現的離子交換現象,標准規定用氯化鉀(也同溴化鉀一樣預處理後使用)代替溴化鉀進行壓片,但也可比較氯化鉀壓片和溴化鉀壓片後測得的光譜,如二者沒有區別,則可使用溴化鉀進行壓片。

      6、  压片法时取用的供试品量一般为1~2mg,因不可能用天平称量后加入,并且每种样品的对红外光的吸收程度不一致,故常凭经验取用。一般要求所没得 的光谱图中绝大多数吸收峰处于10%~80%透光率范围在内。最强吸收峰的透光率如太大(如大于30%),则说明取样量太少;相反,如最强吸收峰为接近透 光率为0%,且为平头峰,则说明取样量太多,此时均应调整取样量后重新测定。

      7、  壓片時KBr的取用量一般爲200mg左右(也是憑經驗),應根據制片後的片子厚度來控制KBr的量,一般片子厚度應在0.5mm以下,厚度大于0.5mm時,常可在光譜上觀察到幹涉條紋,對供試品光譜産生幹擾。

      8、  压片时,应先取供试品研细后再加入KBr再次研细研匀,这样比较容易混匀。研磨所用的应为玛瑙研钵,因玻璃研钵内表面比较粗糙,易粘附样品。研磨 时应按同一方向(顺时针或逆时针)均匀用力,如不按同一方向研磨,有可能在研磨过程中使供试品产生转晶,从而影响测定结果。研磨力度不用太大,研磨到试样 中不再有肉眼可见的小粒子即可。试样研好后,应通过一小的漏斗倒入到压片模具中(因模具口较小,直接倒入较难),并尽量把试样铺均匀,否则压片后试样少的 地方的透明度要比试样多的地方的低,并因此对测定产生影响。另外,如压好的片子上出现不透明的小白点,则说明研好的试样中有未研细的小粒子,应重新压片。

      9、  測定用樣品應幹燥,否則應在研細後置紅外燈下烘幾分鍾使幹燥。試樣研好並具在模具中裝好後,應與真空泵相連後抽真空至少2分鍾,以使試樣中的水分進一步被抽走,然後再加壓到0.8~1GPa(8~10T/cm2)後維持2~5min。不抽真空將影響片子的透明度。

      10、壓片用模具用後應立即把各部分擦幹淨,必要時用水清洗幹淨並擦幹,置幹燥器中保存,以兔鏽蝕。


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